寮規(guī)�фā閲忥細(xì)鏉愭枡鍦ㄥ脊鎬у彉褰㈤樁孌靛唴錛屾搴斿姏鍜屽搴旂殑姝ｅ簲鍙樼殑姣斿�箋�?/span>
鏉愭枡鍦ㄥ脊鎬у彉褰㈤樁孌碉紝鍏跺簲鍔涘拰搴斿彉鎴愭姣斾緥鍏崇郴錛堝嵆絎﹀悎鑳″厠瀹氬緥錛夛紝鍏舵瘮渚嬬郴鏁扮О涓哄脊鎬фā閲忋�?/span>
“寮規(guī)�фā閲?rdquo;鏄弿榪扮墿璐ㄥ脊鎬х殑涓�涓墿鐞嗛噺錛屾槸涓�涓�葷О錛屽寘鎷?ldquo;鏉ㄦ皬妯￠噺”銆?ldquo;鍓垏妯￠噺”銆?ldquo;浣撶Н妯￠噺”絳夈�傛墍浠ワ紝“寮規(guī)�фā閲?rdquo;鍜?ldquo;浣撶Н妯￠噺”鏄寘鍚叧緋匯�?/span>
涓�鑸湴璁詫紝瀵瑰脊鎬т綋鏂藉姞涓�涓鐣屼綔鐢紙縐頒負(fù)“搴斿姏”錛夊悗錛屽脊鎬т綋浼?xì)鍙戠敓迮炵姸鐨勬敼鍙樺Q堢О涓?ldquo;搴斿彉”錛夛紝“寮規(guī)�фā閲?rdquo;鐨勪竴鑸畾涔夋槸錛氬簲鍔涢櫎浠ュ簲鍙樸�備緥濡傦細(xì)
綰垮簲鍙橈細(xì)瀵逛竴鏍圭粏鏉嗘柦鍔犱竴涓媺鍔?em>F錛岃繖涓媺鍔涢櫎浠ユ潌鐨勬埅闈㈢НS錛岀О涓?ldquo;綰垮簲鍔?rdquo;錛屾潌鐨勪幾闀塊噺dL 闄や互鍘熼暱L錛岀О涓?ldquo;綰垮簲鍙?rdquo;銆傜嚎搴斿姏闄や互綰垮簲鍙樺氨絳変簬鏉ㄦ皬妯￠噺E=(F/S)/(dL/L)銆?/span>
鍓垏搴斿彉錛氬涓�鍧楀脊鎬т綋鏂藉姞涓�涓晶鍚戠殑鍔?em>f錛堥�氬父鏄懇鎿﹀姏錛夛紝寮規(guī)�т綋浼?xì)鐢辨柟迮炲彉鎴愯彵迮炲Q岃繖涓艦鍙樼殑瑙掑害a 縐頒負(fù)“鍓垏搴斿彉”錛岀浉搴旂殑鍔?em>f 闄や互鍙楀姏闈㈢НS 縐頒負(fù)“鍓垏搴斿姏”銆傚壀鍒囧簲鍔涢櫎浠ュ壀鍒囧簲鍙樺氨絳変簬鍓垏妯￠噺G=(f/S)/a銆?/span>
浣撶Н搴斿彉錛氬寮規(guī)�т綋鏂藉姞涓�涓暣浣撶殑鍘嬪己p錛岃繖涓帇寮虹О涓?ldquo;浣撶Н搴斿姏”錛屽脊鎬т綋鐨勪綋縐噺灝戦噺 (-dV ) 闄や互鍘熸潵鐨勪綋縐?em>V 縐頒負(fù)“浣撶Н搴斿彉”錛屼綋縐簲鍔涢櫎浠ヤ綋縐簲鍙樺氨絳変簬浣撶Н妯￠噺錛?em>K=P/(-dV/V )銆傚湪涓嶆槗寮曡搗娣鋒穯鏃訛紝涓�鑸噾灞炴潗鏂欑殑寮規(guī)�фā閲忓氨鏄寚鏉ㄦ皬妯￠噺錛屽嵆姝ｅ脊鎬фā閲忋�傚崟浣嶏細(xì)E錛堝脊鎬фā閲忥級(jí)鍚夊笗 (GPa)銆?/span>
寮規(guī)�фā閲忔槸宸ョ▼鏉愭枡閲嶈鐨勬�ц兘鍙傛暟錛屼粠瀹忚瑙掑害鏉ヨ錛屽脊鎬фā閲忔槸琛￠噺鐗╀綋鎶墊姉寮規(guī)�у彉褰㈣兘鍔涘ぇ灝忕殑灝哄害錛屼粠寰瑙掑害鏉ヨ錛屽垯鏄師瀛愩�佺瀛愭垨鍒嗗瓙涔嬮棿閿悎寮哄害鐨勫弽鏄犮�?/span>
鍑″獎(jiǎng)鍝嶉敭鍚堝己搴︾殑鍥犵礌鍧囪兘褰卞搷鏉愭枡鐨勫脊鎬фā閲忥紝濡傞敭鍚堟柟寮忋�佹櫠浣撶粨鏋勩�佸寲瀛︽垚鍒嗐�佸井瑙傜粍緇囥�佹俯搴︾瓑銆傚洜鍚堥噾鎴愬垎涓嶅悓銆佺儹澶勭悊鐘舵�佷笉鍚屻�佸喎濉戞�у彉褰笉鍚岀瓑錛岄噾灞炴潗鏂欑殑鏉ㄦ皬妯￠噺鍊間細(xì)鏈?%鎴栬�呮洿澶х殑娉㈠姩銆?/span>
浣嗘槸鎬諱綋鏉ヨ錛岄噾灞炴潗鏂欑殑寮規(guī)�фā閲忔槸涓�涓緇勭粐涓嶆晱鎰熺殑鍔涘鎬ц兘鎸囨爣錛屽悎閲戝寲銆佺儹澶勭悊錛堢氦緇寸粍緇囷級(jí)銆佸喎濉戞�у彉褰㈢瓑瀵瑰脊鎬фā閲忕殑褰卞搷杈冨皬錛屾俯搴︺�佸姞杞介�熺巼絳夊鍦ㄥ洜绱犲鍏跺獎(jiǎng)鍝嶄篃涓嶅ぇ錛屾墍浠ヤ竴鑸伐紼嬪簲鐢ㄤ腑閮芥妸寮規(guī)�фā閲忎綔涓哄父鏁般�?/span>
寮規(guī)�фā閲忓彲瑙嗕負(fù)琛￠噺鏉愭枡浜х敓寮規(guī)�у彉褰㈤毦鏄撶▼搴︾殑鎸囨爣錛屽叾鍊艱秺澶э紝浣挎潗鏂欏彂鐢熶竴瀹氬脊鎬у彉褰㈢殑搴斿姏涔熻秺澶э紝鍗蟲潗鏂欏垰搴﹁秺澶э紝浜﹀嵆鍦ㄤ竴瀹氬簲鍔涗綔鐢ㄤ笅錛屽彂鐢熷脊鎬у彉褰㈣秺灝忋�?/span>
寮規(guī)�фā閲?em>E 鏄寚鏉愭枡鍦ㄥ鍔涗綔鐢ㄤ笅錛屼駭鐢熷崟浣嶅脊鎬у彉褰㈡墍闇�瑕佺殑搴斿姏銆傚畠鏄弽鏄犳潗鏂欐姷鎶楀脊鎬у彉褰㈣兘鍔涚殑鎸囨爣錛岀浉褰撲簬鏅�氬脊綈т腑鐨勫垰搴︺�?/span>
鍒氬害鏄粨鏋勬垨鏋勪歡鎶墊姉寮規(guī)�у彉褰㈢殑鑳藉姏錛岀敤浜х敓鍗曚綅搴斿彉鎵�闇�鐨勫姏鎴栧姏鐭╂潵閲忓害銆?/span>
杞姩鍒氬害 (k )錛?em>k=M/θ銆傚叾涓紝M 涓烘柦鍔犵殑鍔涚煩錛?em>θ 涓烘棆杞搴︺�?/span>
鍏朵粬鐨勫垰搴﹀寘鎷細(xì)鎷夊帇鍒氬害 (Tension and compressionstiffness)銆?杞村姏姣旇醬鍚戠嚎搴斿彉 (EA)銆佸壀鍒囧垰搴?(shear stiffness)銆佸壀鍒囧姏姣斿壀鍒囧簲鍙?(GA)銆佹壄杞垰搴?(torsional stiffness)銆佹壄鐭╂瘮鎵簲鍙?(GI)銆佸集鏇插垰搴?(bending stiffness)銆佸集鐭╂瘮鏇茬巼 (EI)銆?/span>
璁＄畻鍒氬害鐨勭悊璁哄垎涓哄皬浣嶇Щ鐞嗚鍜屽ぇ浣嶇Щ鐞嗚銆?/span>
澶т綅縐葷悊璁烘牴鎹粨鏋勫彈鍔涘悗鐨勫彉褰綅緗緩绔嬪鉤琛℃柟紼嬶紝寰楀埌鐨勭粨鏋滅簿紜紝浣嗚綆楁瘮杈冨鏉傘�傚皬浣嶇Щ鐞嗚鍦ㄥ緩绔嬪鉤琛℃柟紼嬫椂鏆傛椂鍏堝亣瀹氱粨鏋勬槸涓嶅彉褰㈢殑錛岀敱姝や粠澶栬澆鑽鋒眰寰楃粨鏋勫唴鍔涗互鍚庯紝鍐嶈�冭檻鍙樺艦璁＄畻闂銆?/span>
澶ч儴鍒嗘満姊拌璁￠兘閲囩敤灝忎綅縐葷悊璁恒�備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄦ鐨勫集鏇插彉褰㈣綆椾腑錛屽洜涓哄疄闄呭彉褰㈠緢灝忥紝涓�鑸拷鐣ユ洸鐜囧紡涓殑鎸犲害鐨勪竴闃跺鏁幫紝鑰岀敤鎸犲害鐨勪簩闃跺鏁拌繎浼艱〃杈炬杞寸嚎鐨勬洸鐜囥�傝繖鏍峰仛鐨勭洰鐨勬槸灝嗗井鍒嗘柟紼嬬嚎鎬у寲錛屼互澶уぇ綆�鍖栨眰瑙ｈ繃紼嬶紱鑰屽綋鏈夊嚑涓澆鑽峰悓鏃朵綔鐢ㄦ椂錛屽彲鍒嗗埆璁＄畻姣忎釜杞借嵎寮曡搗鐨勫集鏇插彉褰㈠悗鍐嶅彔鍔犮�?/span>
闈欒澆鑽蜂笅鎶墊姉鍙樺艦鐨勮兘鍔涚О涓洪潤鍒氬害錛涘姩杞借嵎涓嬫姷鎶楀彉褰㈢殑鑳藉姏縐頒負(fù)鍔ㄥ垰搴︼紝鍗沖紩璧峰崟浣嶆尟騫呮墍闇�鐨勫姩鎬佸姏銆傚鏋滃共鎵板姏鍙樺寲寰堟參錛堝嵆騫叉壈鍔涚殑棰戠巼榪滃皬浜庣粨鏋勭殑鍥烘湁棰戠巼錛夛紝鍔ㄥ垰搴︿笌闈欏垰搴﹀熀鏈浉鍚屻�傚共鎵板姏鍙樺寲鏋佸揩錛堝嵆騫叉壈鍔涚殑棰戠巼榪滃ぇ浜庣粨鏋勭殑鍥烘湁棰戠巼鏃訛級(jí)錛岀粨鏋勫彉褰㈡瘮杈冨皬錛屽嵆鍔ㄥ垰搴︽瘮杈冨ぇ銆傚綋騫叉壈鍔涚殑棰戠巼涓庣粨鏋勭殑鍥烘湁棰戠巼鐩歌繎鏃訛紝鏈夊叡鎸幇璞★紝姝ゆ椂鍔ㄥ垰搴︽渶灝忥紝鍗蟲渶鏄撳彉褰紝鍏跺姩鍙樺艦鍙揪闈欒澆鍙樺艦鐨勫嚑鍊嶄箖鑷沖崄鍑犲�嶃�?/span>
鏋勪歡鍙樺艦甯稿獎(jiǎng)鍝嶆瀯浠剁殑宸ヤ綔錛屼緥濡傞嬌杞醬鐨勮繃搴﹀彉褰細(xì)褰卞搷榻胯疆鍟悎鐘跺喌錛屾満搴婂彉褰㈣繃澶т細(xì)闄嶄綆鍔犲伐綺懼害絳夈�傚獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅垰搴︾殑鍥犵礌鏄潗鏂欑殑寮規(guī)�фā閲忓拰緇撴瀯褰㈠紡錛屾敼鍙樼粨鏋勫艦寮忓鍒氬害鏈夋樉钁楀獎(jiǎng)鍝嶃�?/span>
鍒氬害璁＄畻鏄尟鍔ㄧ悊璁哄拰緇撴瀯紼沖畾鎬у垎鏋愮殑鍩虹銆傚湪璐ㄩ噺涓嶅彉鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛屽垰搴﹀ぇ鍒欏浐鏈夐鐜囬珮銆傞潤涓嶅畾緇撴瀯鐨勫簲鍔涘垎甯冧笌鍚勯儴鍒嗙殑鍒氬害姣斾緥鏈夊叧銆傚湪鏂鍔涘鍒嗘瀽涓紝鍚綰規(guī)瀯浠剁殑搴斿姏寮哄害鍥犲瓙鍙牴鎹煍搴︽眰寰椼�?/span>
涓�鑸潵璇達(dá)紝鍒氬害鍜屽脊鎬фā閲忔槸涓嶄竴鏍風(fēng)殑銆傚脊鎬фā閲忔槸鐗╄川緇勫垎鐨勬�ц川錛涜�屽垰搴︽槸鍥轟綋鐨勬�ц川銆備篃灝辨槸璇達(dá)紝寮規(guī)�фā閲忔槸鐗╄川寰鐨勬�ц川錛岃�屽垰搴︽槸鐗╄川瀹忚鐨勬�ц川銆?/span>
鏉愭枡鍔涘涓紝寮規(guī)�фā閲忎笌妯鎴潰杞姩鎯噺鐨勪箻縐〃紺轟負(fù)鍚勭被鍒氬害錛屽GI 涓烘姉鎵垰搴︼紝EI 涓烘姉寮垰搴︺�?/span>
鍒氬害鏄寚闆朵歡鍦ㄨ澆鑽蜂綔鐢ㄤ笅鎶墊姉寮規(guī)�у彉褰㈢殑鑳藉姏銆傞浂浠剁殑鍒氬害錛堟垨縐板垰鎬э級(jí)甯哥敤鍗曚綅鍙樺艦鎵�闇�鐨勫姏鎴栧姏鐭╂潵琛ㄧず錛屽垰搴︾殑澶у皬鍙栧喅浜庨浂浠剁殑鍑犱綍褰㈢姸鍜屾潗鏂欑綾伙紙鍗蟲潗鏂欑殑寮規(guī)�фā閲忥級(jí)銆傚悇鍚戝悓鎬ф潗鏂欑殑鍒氬害鍙栧喅浜庡畠鐨勫脊鎬фā閲?em>E 鍜屽壀鍒囨ā閲?em>G錛堣鑳″厠瀹氬緥錛夈�傜粨鏋勭殑鍒氬害闄ゅ彇鍐充簬緇勬垚鏉愭枡鐨勫脊鎬фā閲忓錛岃繕鍚屽叾鍑犱綍褰㈢姸 銆佽竟鐣屾潯浠剁瓑鍥犵礌錛屼互鍙?qiáng)澶栧姏鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ舰寮忔湁鍏炽�?/span>
鍒氬害瑕佹眰瀵逛簬鏌愪簺寮規(guī)�у彉褰㈤噺瓚呰繃涓�瀹氭暟鍊煎悗錛屼細(xì)褰卞搷鏈哄櫒宸ヤ綔璐ㄩ噺鐨勯浂浠跺挨涓洪噸瑕侊紝濡傛満搴婄殑涓昏醬銆佸杞ㄣ�佷笣鏉犵瓑銆?/span>
鍒嗘瀽鏉愭枡鍜岀粨鏋勭殑鍒氬害鏄伐紼嬭璁′腑鐨勪竴欏歸噸瑕佸伐浣溿�傚浜庝竴浜涢』涓ユ牸闄愬埗鍙樺艦鐨勭粨鏋勶紙濡傛満緲箋�侀珮綺懼害鐨勮閰嶄歡絳夛級(jí)錛岄』閫氳繃鍒氬害鍒嗘瀽鏉ユ帶鍒跺彉褰€�傝澶氱粨鏋勶紙濡傚緩絳戠墿銆佹満姊扮瓑錛変篃瑕侀�氳繃鎺у埗鍒氬害浠ラ槻姝㈠彂鐢熸尟鍔ㄣ�侀ⅳ鎸垨澶辯ǔ銆傚彟澶栵紝濡傚脊綈хГ銆佺幆寮忔祴鍔涜絳夛紝欏婚�氳繃鎺у埗鍏跺垰搴︿負(fù)鏌愪竴鍚堢悊鍊間互紜繚鍏剁壒瀹氬姛鑳姐�傚湪緇撴瀯鍔涘鐨勪綅縐繪硶鍒嗘瀽涓紝涓虹‘瀹氱粨鏋勭殑鍙樺艦鍜屽簲鍔涳紝閫氬父涔熻鍒嗘瀽鍏跺悇閮ㄥ垎鐨勫垰搴︺�?/span>
閲戝睘鏉愭枡鍦ㄥ鍔涗綔鐢ㄤ笅鎶墊姉姘鎬箙鍙樺艦鍜屾柇瑁傜殑鑳藉姏縐頒負(fù)寮哄害銆傛寜澶栧姏浣滅敤鐨勬�ц川涓嶅悓錛屼富瑕佹湁灞堟湇寮哄害銆佹姉鎷夊己搴︺�佹姉鍘嬪己搴︺�佹姉寮己搴︾瓑錛屽伐紼嬪父鐢ㄧ殑鏄眻鏈嶅己搴﹀拰鎶楁媺寮哄害錛岃繖涓や釜寮哄害鎸囨爣鍙�氳繃鎷変幾璇曢獙嫻嬪嚭銆?/span>
寮哄害鏄 閲忛浂浠舵湰韜壙杞借兘鍔涳紙鍗蟲姷鎶楀け鏁堣兘鍔涳級(jí)鐨勯噸瑕佹寚鏍囷紝鏄満姊伴浂閮ㄤ歡棣栧厛搴旀弧瓚崇殑鍩烘湰瑕佹眰銆傛満姊伴浂浠剁殑寮哄害涓�鑸彲浠ュ垎涓洪潤寮哄害銆佺柌鍔沖己搴︼紙寮洸鐤插姵鍜屾帴瑙︾柌鍔崇瓑錛夈�佹柇瑁傚己搴︺�佸啿鍑誨己搴︺�侀珮娓╁拰浣庢俯寮哄害銆佸湪鑵愯殌鏉′歡涓嬬殑寮哄害鍜岃爼鍙樸�佽兌鍚堝己搴︾瓑欏圭洰銆傚己搴︾殑璇曢獙鐮旂┒鏄患鍚堟�х殑鐮旂┒錛屼富瑕佹槸閫氳繃鍏跺簲鍔涚姸鎬佹潵鐮旂┒闆墮儴浠剁殑鍙楀姏鐘跺喌浠ュ強(qiáng)棰勬祴鐮村潖澶辨晥鐨勬潯浠跺拰鏃舵満銆?/span>
寮哄害錛屾槸鎸囨潗鏂欐壙鍙楀鍔涜�屼笉琚牬鍧忥紙涓嶅彲鎭㈠鐨勫彉褰篃灞炶鐮村潖錛夌殑鑳藉姏錛屾牴鎹彈鍔涚綾葷殑涓嶅悓鍒嗕負(fù)浠ヤ笅鍑犵錛?/span>
鎶楀帇寮哄害--鏉愭枡鎵垮彈鍘嬪姏鐨勮兘鍔涳紱
鎶楁媺寮哄害--鏉愭枡鎵垮彈鎷夊姏鐨勮兘鍔涳紱
鎶楀集寮哄害--鏉愭枡瀵硅嚧寮鍔涚殑鎵垮彈鑳藉姏錛?/span>
鎶楀壀寮哄害--鏉愭枡鎵垮彈鍓垏鍔涚殑鑳藉姏銆?/span>
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緙栬緫錛氬緪灝忓悍
鏍＄ǹ錛氭潕璇鴻崳
瀹℃牳錛氬緪鏅虹幉
